HSSC CET · Bite-size lessons

Hindi Vyakaran

About 6 min · Hindi and English Language · English

Time worked out from the lesson's 402 words at 150 words a minute, plus a minute for each question.

Hindi Vyakaran forms a foundational component of the HSSC CET language section. Questions typically test your ability to identify parts of speech (संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रिया), recognize correct usage of tenses (काल), and understand case relationships (कारक). These concepts appear both as direct identification questions and within error-spotting or fill-in-the-blank formats.

Key ideas

• संज्ञा (Noun) is the naming word for persons, places, things, qualities, or ideas. It has five types: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक, and द्रव्यवाचक.
• सर्वनाम (Pronoun) replaces a noun to avoid repetition. The six types are: पुरुषवाचक (मैं, तुम, वह), निश्चयवाचक (यह, वह), अनिश्चयवाचक (कोई, कुछ), प्रश्नवाचक (कौन, क्या), संबंधवाचक (जो, सो), and निजवाचक (आप, अपना).
• विशेषण (Adjective) qualifies a noun or pronoun. Four main types: गुणवाचक (अच्छा, बुरा), संख्यावाचक (दो, तीन), परिमाणवाचक (थोड़ा, बहुत), and सार्वनामिक (यह, वह when used before nouns).
• क्रिया (Verb) denotes action or state. Classified as सकर्मक (transitive—needs an object) and अकर्मक (intransitive—complete without object). The base form is called धातु.
• काल (Tense) indicates time of action: भूतकाल (past), वर्तमानकाल (present), and भविष्यत्काल (future). Each is further divided into sub-types based on aspect (see the lists below).

Watch out for

• Confusing कर्म and संप्रदान कारक → Both use "को" but संप्रदान indicates "for whom" (recipient of benefit), while कर्म indicates direct object. Ask: "किसके लिए?" for संप्रदान vs. "किसे?" for कर्म.
• Forgetting "ने" is NOT always present with कर्ता → "ने" appears only in past tense with transitive verbs. In "राम जाता है," राम is still कर्ता without any marker.
• Mixing करण and अपादान कारक → Both use "से" but करण means "by means of" (instrument) while अपादान means "separation from." "कलम से लिखा" = करण; "पेड़ से गिरा" = अपादान.

Quick reference

• संज्ञा के 5 भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक, द्रव्यवाचक
• कारक = 8, identified by विभक्ति चिह्न: ने, को, से, के लिए, से (separation), का/की/के, में/पर, हे/अरे
• "को" = कर्म or संप्रदान → Ask "किसके लिए?" for संप्रदान
• "से" = करण or अपादान → Instrument = करण; Separation = अपादान
• काल = 3 main, each with sub-types → Identify auxiliary: रहा था = अपूर्ण भूत; चुका था = पूर्ण भूत

Check yourself: 3 questions

This lesson is cut from the topic's note, not rewritten. Fact-checked on 18 Oct 2026: an AI-assisted check of this note against cited sources; the errors it found were corrected that day. Some errors may remain. The questions are from Shishya's validated question bank.

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