NSEC

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Mole concept, stoichiometry, empirical and molecular formulas, concentration units.

Structure of Atom

Bohr model, quantum numbers, orbitals, electronic configuration and Aufbau principle.

Classification of Elements and Periodicity

Modern periodic table, periodic trends in radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Ionic, covalent, coordinate bonding; VSEPR; valence bond and molecular orbital theories; hybridisation.

States of Matter

Ideal/real gases, kinetic theory, liquefaction; liquid-state properties; solid-state classification, lattices and unit cells.

Chemical Thermodynamics

First law, enthalpy, Hess's law, entropy, Gibbs energy and spontaneity criteria.

Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium, Kc/Kp, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibria, pH, buffers, solubility product.

Solutions

Concentration, Raoult's law, ideal/non-ideal solutions, colligative properties and van't Hoff factor.

Electrochemistry

Galvanic cells, EMF, Nernst equation, conductance, Kohlrausch's law, electrolysis and batteries.

Chemical Kinetics

Rate laws, order, molecularity, Arrhenius equation, integrated rate equations and collision theory.

Surface Chemistry

Adsorption, catalysis, colloids, emulsions and Tyndall effect.

s-Block Elements

Group 1 and 2 — alkali and alkaline-earth metal trends, anomalous behaviour and important compounds.

p-Block Elements

Groups 13-18 — periodic trends, important compounds, allotropy, oxoacids and noble gases.

d- and f-Block Elements

Transition metals, variable oxidation states, magnetic and catalytic properties; lanthanoids and actinoids.

Coordination Compounds

Werner theory, ligands, nomenclature, isomerism, CFT and applications including chelation.

General Principles of Isolation of Elements

Metallurgical principles — concentration, reduction, refining and thermodynamics of extraction.

Organic Chemistry — Basic Principles

IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, reaction mechanisms, electron displacement effects and reactive intermediates.

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons — preparation, properties and reactions.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature, preparation, nucleophilic substitution and elimination of alkyl/aryl halides.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Preparation, physical and chemical properties; acidity of phenols; Williamson ether synthesis.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Carbonyl chemistry, named reactions (Aldol, Cannizzaro, Clemmensen) and acid derivatives.

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines, diazonium salts, cyanides/isocyanides, nitro compounds — preparation and reactions.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, enzymes and vitamins at NCERT level.

Polymers

Classification, addition and condensation polymers, copolymers and biodegradable polymers.

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Drugs, cleansing agents, food additives — chemical aspects at NCERT level.

Environmental Chemistry

Atmospheric, water and soil pollution; greenhouse effect; ozone layer; green chemistry.

Olympiad-style Problem Solving

Multi-concept numerical problems and analytical reasoning typical of NSEC question style.