SOF ICO

Series and Sequences

Number, alphabet and figural series — find the next/missing term.

Analogy and Classification

Identify the matching pair or odd one out.

Coding-Decoding

Encrypt or decode words and numbers using a given rule.

Blood Relations

Family-tree and pointing-style relationship problems.

Direction Sense

Compass-based movement, distance and final-direction problems.

Ranking and Arrangement

Linear and circular seating arrangements and rank problems.

Syllogism

Two/three statement deductions using all/some/no quantifiers.

Data Sufficiency

Decide if the given data is sufficient to answer a question.

Statements and Conclusions

Logical conclusion-drawing from given statements.

Venn Diagrams

Set relationships among 2–4 categories.

Data Interpretation

Tables, bar/pie/line graphs — calculation-based questions.

Business, Trade and Commerce

Concept and characteristics of business, trade and commerce as economic activities.

Nature and Purpose of Business

Objectives, classification of business activities and profession vs employment.

Forms of Business Organization

Sole proprietorship, partnership, HUF, cooperative, joint stock company.

Public, Private and Global Enterprises

Departmental undertakings, statutory corporations, government companies and MNCs.

Business Services

Banking, insurance, transport, communication and warehousing services.

Emerging Modes of Business

E-business, outsourcing, BPO, KPO and online security concerns.

Social Responsibility and Business Ethics

Concept of CSR, business ethics and stakeholders.

Sources of Business Finance

Owned vs borrowed funds, shares, debentures, retained earnings and trade credit.

Small Business and Entrepreneurship

MSMEs, role and government schemes for small enterprises.

Internal Trade

Wholesale and retail trade, types of retailers and chambers of commerce.

International Business

Export-import procedure, foreign trade benefits and trade documents.

Partnership Accounts (Basics)

Profit-sharing ratio, fixed/fluctuating capital and basic partnership adjustments.

Accounting Basics

Accounting concepts, principles, journal, ledger and trial balance.

Financial Statements

Trading, profit and loss account, balance sheet and adjustments.

Introduction to Economics

Meaning, scope, central problems and types of economies.

Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand

Utility analysis, indifference curves and law of demand.

Producer Behaviour and Supply

Production function, costs, revenue and law of supply.

Forms of Market and Price Determination

Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly.

National Income and Aggregates

GDP, GNP, NNP, methods of measurement and real vs nominal.

Money and Banking

Functions of money, commercial banks and central bank functions.

Government Budget and the Economy

Components of budget, types of deficit and revenue/capital account.

Balance of Payments and Foreign Exchange

BoP components, exchange rate determination and currency depreciation.

Statistics for Economics — Introduction

Meaning, scope and importance of statistics in economics.

Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data

Sources of data, classification, tabulation and graphical presentation.

Measures of Central Tendency

Mean, median, mode for grouped and ungrouped data.

Measures of Dispersion

Range, mean deviation, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.

Correlation and Index Numbers

Karl Pearson's correlation, rank correlation and consumer price index.

Higher Order Commerce Application

HOTS questions on advanced business and accounting scenarios.

Case Studies

Real-world business or economic case studies with multi-part questions.

Problem Solving

Multi-step numerical and conceptual problems combining commerce and economics.

Current Business and Economic Affairs

Recent business news, market trends and economic policy updates.