KCET

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry (1st PUC)

Mole concept, stoichiometry, empirical and molecular formula.

Structure of Atom (1st PUC)

Bohr's model, dual nature of electron, quantum numbers, orbitals.

Classification of Elements and Periodicity (1st PUC)

Modern periodic law, periodic trends, electronic configuration.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (1st PUC)

Ionic, covalent bonds, VSEPR, hybridization, MO theory.

States of Matter — Gases and Liquids (1st PUC)

Gas laws, ideal gas equation, real gas behaviour.

Thermodynamics (1st PUC)

First law, enthalpy, Hess's law, second law, Gibbs free energy.

Equilibrium (1st PUC)

Chemical and ionic equilibrium, Kc/Kp, Le Chatelier, pH, buffers, Ksp.

Redox Reactions (1st PUC)

Oxidation number, balancing redox equations, redox titrations.

Hydrogen (1st PUC)

Position in periodic table, isotopes, hydrides, hard/soft water.

s-Block Elements (1st PUC)

Alkali and alkaline earth metals, anomalous behaviour, diagonal relationship.

p-Block Elements — Groups 13 and 14 (1st PUC)

Boron family, carbon family — properties, important compounds.

Organic Chemistry — Some Basic Principles (1st PUC)

IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, electronic effects, reactive intermediates.

Hydrocarbons (1st PUC)

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, mechanisms.

Environmental Chemistry (1st PUC)

Air, water, soil pollution; greenhouse effect; acid rain.

Solid State (2nd PUC)

Crystalline vs amorphous, unit cells, packing, defects, properties.

Solutions (2nd PUC)

Concentration units, Raoult's law, colligative properties, abnormal molar mass.

Electrochemistry (2nd PUC)

Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, conductance, batteries, fuel cells, corrosion.

Chemical Kinetics (2nd PUC)

Rate, order, molecularity, Arrhenius equation, integrated rate equations.

Surface Chemistry (2nd PUC)

Adsorption, catalysis, colloids, emulsions.

General Principles of Isolation of Elements (2nd PUC)

Concentration, reduction, refining of metals, thermodynamic principles.

p-Block Elements (2nd PUC)

Groups 15-18 — properties, oxoacids, allotropes, anomalous behaviour.

d- and f-Block Elements (2nd PUC)

Transition metals, lanthanoids, actinoids, complex formation.

Coordination Compounds (2nd PUC)

Werner theory, IUPAC, isomerism, VBT, CFT, applications.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (2nd PUC)

Nomenclature, SN1/SN2, elimination, polyhalogen compounds.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (2nd PUC)

Preparation, properties, reactions, mechanism of dehydration.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (2nd PUC)

Nucleophilic addition, oxidation, named reactions, acidity.

Amines (2nd PUC)

Classification, preparation, properties, diazonium salts.

Biomolecules (2nd PUC)

Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids, hormones.

Polymers (2nd PUC)

Classification, polymerisation methods, important polymers.

Chemistry in Everyday Life (2nd PUC)

Drugs, antiseptics, soaps, food additives.

Sets (1st PUC)

Sets, types, operations, Venn diagrams, applications.

Relations and Functions (1st PUC)

Cartesian product, types of relations and functions, composition.

Trigonometric Functions (1st PUC)

Trig identities, equations, sum/difference and multiple-angle formulas.

Principle of Mathematical Induction (1st PUC)

PMI proofs for natural number statements.

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations (1st PUC)

Argand plane, modulus, polar form, quadratic with complex roots.

Linear Inequalities (1st PUC)

Algebraic and graphical solutions in one and two variables.

Permutations and Combinations (1st PUC)

Counting principle, nPr, nCr, applications.

Binomial Theorem (1st PUC)

Expansion for positive integral index, general term, middle term.

Sequences and Series (1st PUC)

AP, GP, sum of n terms, sum of special series.

Straight Lines (1st PUC)

Slope, forms of line equations, distance, angle between lines.

Conic Sections (1st PUC)

Circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola — standard forms.

Introduction to Three-Dimensional Geometry (1st PUC)

3D coordinates, distance, section formula.

Limits and Derivatives (1st PUC)

Limit definition, standard limits, derivatives of basic functions.

Mathematical Reasoning (1st PUC)

Statements, connectives, validity of arguments.

Statistics (1st PUC)

Mean deviation, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.

Probability (1st PUC)

Sample space, events, axiomatic probability, Boole's inequality.

Relations and Functions (2nd PUC)

Types, composition, invertibility, binary operations.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions (2nd PUC)

Domain, range, principal values, properties.

Matrices (2nd PUC)

Operations, transpose, symmetric matrices, elementary transformations, inverse.

Determinants (2nd PUC)

Properties, minors, cofactors, adjoint, system of linear equations.

Continuity and Differentiability (2nd PUC)

Continuity tests, chain rule, implicit differentiation, MVT, Rolle's theorem.

Applications of Derivatives (2nd PUC)

Rate of change, increasing/decreasing, tangent/normal, maxima/minima.

Integrals (2nd PUC)

Indefinite integrals, by substitution/parts/partial fractions, definite integrals.

Applications of Integrals (2nd PUC)

Area under curves, between curves.

Differential Equations (2nd PUC)

Order, degree, formation, variable separable, linear, homogeneous DEs.

Vector Algebra (2nd PUC)

Vectors in space, dot/cross product, scalar triple product, projections.

Three-Dimensional Geometry (2nd PUC)

Direction cosines, lines, planes, distance and angle formulas.

Linear Programming (2nd PUC)

LPP, graphical method, feasible region, optimization.

Probability (2nd PUC)

Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, random variables, binomial distribution.

The Living World (1st PUC)

Diversity, taxonomic categories, taxonomical aids.

Biological Classification (1st PUC)

Five-kingdom system, monera, protista, fungi, virus, viroids, lichens.

Plant Kingdom (1st PUC)

Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms.

Animal Kingdom (1st PUC)

Classification of non-chordates and chordates, salient features.

Morphology of Flowering Plants (1st PUC)

Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed; floral diagram.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants (1st PUC)

Plant tissues, tissue systems, anatomy of dicot and monocot.

Structural Organisation in Animals (1st PUC)

Animal tissues, morphology and anatomy of cockroach/frog/earthworm.

Cell — The Unit of Life (1st PUC)

Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles.

Biomolecules (1st PUC)

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes, nucleic acids.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division (1st PUC)

Phases of cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, significance.

Transport in Plants (1st PUC)

Diffusion, osmosis, transpiration, water and mineral uptake, translocation.

Mineral Nutrition (1st PUC)

Essential elements, deficiency symptoms, nitrogen cycle.

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants (1st PUC)

Pigments, light and dark reactions, C3/C4/CAM, photorespiration.

Respiration in Plants (1st PUC)

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETS, fermentation, respiratory quotient.

Plant Growth and Development (1st PUC)

Growth phases, plant hormones, photoperiodism, vernalization.

Digestion and Absorption (1st PUC)

Human digestive system, digestion of nutrients, disorders.

Breathing and Exchange of Gases (1st PUC)

Respiratory system, gas exchange, transport, regulation.

Body Fluids and Circulation (1st PUC)

Blood, heart, cardiac cycle, ECG, lymphatic system, disorders.

Excretory Products and their Elimination (1st PUC)

Nephron, urine formation, regulation, dialysis.

Locomotion and Movement (1st PUC)

Muscle types, sliding filament theory, joints, disorders.

Neural Control and Coordination (1st PUC)

Nervous system, neuron, reflex, sense organs.

Chemical Coordination and Integration (1st PUC)

Endocrine glands, hormones, mechanism of hormone action.

Reproduction in Organisms (2nd PUC)

Asexual and sexual reproduction, life span, life cycles.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (2nd PUC)

Microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, double fertilization, embryogeny.

Human Reproduction (2nd PUC)

Male/female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, embryogenesis.

Reproductive Health (2nd PUC)

Population control, contraception, STDs, infertility, ART.

Principles of Inheritance and Variation (2nd PUC)

Mendelism, linkage, sex-linked inheritance, mutations, pedigree.

Molecular Basis of Inheritance (2nd PUC)

DNA, replication, transcription, translation, lac operon, genetic code.

Evolution (2nd PUC)

Origin of life, evidence of evolution, mechanisms, human evolution.

Human Health and Disease (2nd PUC)

Pathogens, immunity, AIDS, cancer, drug abuse.

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (2nd PUC)

Plant breeding, animal husbandry, tissue culture, biofortification.

Microbes in Human Welfare (2nd PUC)

Microbes in food, industry, sewage, biogas, biocontrol.

Biotechnology — Principles and Processes (2nd PUC)

Genetic engineering, restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR, bioreactors.

Biotechnology and its Applications (2nd PUC)

Transgenic organisms, recombinant insulin, gene therapy, GMO.

Organisms and Populations (2nd PUC)

Ecological factors, population attributes, growth, interactions.

Ecosystem (2nd PUC)

Productivity, food chains, energy flow, nutrient cycles, ecological pyramids.

Biodiversity and Conservation (2nd PUC)

Levels of biodiversity, hotspots, conservation strategies.

Environmental Issues (2nd PUC)

Pollution, deforestation, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect.