Uttar Pradesh: Minerals and energy

Uttar Pradesh is the principal holder of India's andalusite and diaspore resources, as per the Indian Minerals Yearbook 2022. Its coal lies in the Singrauli coalfield of Sonbhadra district. In energy, the state still relies mostly on thermal power, while solar rooftops and compressed biogas are expanding; installed energy capacity stood at 36,741MW as on December 31st, 2025, according to the state's budget booklet.

Mineral Resources

• National shares: 78% of andalusite, 37% of diaspore, 17% of sillimanite and 10% of pyrophyllite.
• Coal: in the Singrauli coalfields, Sonbhadra district. Reserves/resources of coal (Coal Directory of India, 2022-23): 884 million tonnes proved and 178 indicated, 1062 million tonnes in total.
• Diaspore and pyrophyllite: Hamirpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur and Mahoba districts.
• Silica sand: high-quality glass sand with 98% SiO2 in the Naini area of Allahabad district (at Shankargarh and Lohargarh) and at Bargarh in Banda; also in Aligarh and Chitrakoot.
• Bauxite: Banda, Varanasi and Lalitpur. Iron ore (haematite) and rock phosphate: Lalitpur.
• Sonbhadra: fireclay, limestone, potash and sillimanite; china clay and dolomite in Banda and Sonbhadra.
• Other minerals: andalusite and calcite in Mirzapur; felspar in Jhansi; ochre in Banda; granite in Banda, Hamirpur, Lalitpur and Mahoba.

Mineral Production (2021-22)

• Coal, limestone and sulphur were the minerals produced.
• Coal: 18073 thousand tonnes.
• Limestone: 2809 thousand tonnes from 2 mines, valued at Rs 675447 thousand.
• Sulphur: 60307 tonnes, recovered as a by-product from an oil refinery.
• Minor minerals: value estimated at 5,614 crore (repeated from earlier years as data were not received).
• Reporting mines for MCDR minerals: 2.

Power Capacity and Mix

• January 2022: installed capacity of 29090 MW. By ownership: State Share 6902.20 MW, Private 14030.80 MW, Central 8197.01 MW.
• Mode-wise: Thermal 20413.84 MW, Nuclear 298.48 MW, Renewable 7877.20 MW. The text of the same plan says renewables account for only 5101 MW, citing UPPCL.
• Per capita consumption rose from 502 kWh (2014-15) to 629 kWh (2019-20).
• Eight thermal plants have a PLF above the national average of 55.99%.

Supply, Demand and Losses

• All 97813 villages were electrified by March 2018.
• March 2022: requirement 8830.63 MU, supply 8725.87 MU, a deficit of 104.76 MU; peak demand 16987 MW.
• AT&C losses: 40.91% (2016-17), 37.80% (2017-18), 33.15% (2018-19, national average 22.01%) and 29.68% (2021-22).
• Consumption by sector (2019-20): domestic 44.87%, industry 18.58%, agriculture 18.28%, commercial 9.31%, others 8.96%.
• 2025-26 (till December 2025): average supply of 19 hours in rural areas, 21 hours 49 minutes at tehsil headquarters and 24 hours at district headquarters.

Renewable Energy

• Potential: 27,061 MW, or 2.7% of India's renewable capacity; solar alone 22.83 GWp; wind 100 MW, biomass 1600 MW and small hydro 500 MW.
• Solar capacity: 1,038.27 MW (1.04 GW) installed, per the budget booklet; Varanasi is ranked #2nd among rooftop solar districts.
• PM Surya Ghar: UP crossed 1 GW of rooftop solar covering nearly 2.9 lakh households, and the booklet calls it the top state in daily rooftop installations.
• Surya Mitra Yojana: over 3.5 lakh rooftop systems installed.
• Compressed biogas: 36 CBG plants under the UP Bio-Energy Policy 2022, the highest in the country; new CBG projects worth about 6,000 crore approved in May 2025.
• Green hydrogen: UP's 1st green hydrogen plant opened in Gorakhpur (Torrent Power & Torrent Gas), blending into city gas.

Budget 2026-27

• Energy sector: ₹65,926 crore, 8 percent higher than 2025-26.
• Additional Sources of Energy: about ₹2,104 crore, including ₹1,500 crore for the PM Kusum Surya Ghar Yojana.
• Seventeen municipal corporations, including Ayodhya and Mathura, are being made Solar Cities; about 5.20 lakh solar street lights are installed in rural areas.
• Since April 1, 2022: 2,410 new 33/11 KV substations and 20,924 new distribution transformers.