Medieval India
Delhi Sultanate, Mughals, Bhakti and Sufi Movements
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Overview
Medieval India (roughly 1206–1857 CE) marks the period of Islamic rule in the subcontinent, beginning with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and culminating in the decline of Mughal authority. For MP TET Social Studies, this topic tests your grasp of political succession, administrative systems, architectural achievements, and the socio-religious reform movements that shaped Indian culture.
Questions typically focus on matching rulers with their achievements, identifying architectural monuments, understanding the revenue systems (especially under Akbar), and recognising the contributions of Bhakti and Sufi saints. Madhya Pradesh's own medieval heritage—Gwalior Fort, Mandu, and the legacy of rulers like Hoshang Shah—adds regional relevance. Master the chronology, key reforms, and cultural synthesis of this era.
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Key Concepts
- **Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)** comprised five dynasties ruling from Delhi: Slave (Mamluk), Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi. Each brought distinct administrative and military innovations.
- **Iqta System** was the Sultanate's revenue assignment where military commanders received land grants (iqtas) instead of salary; they collected revenue and maintained troops.
- **Mughal Empire (1526–1857)** was founded by Babur after the First Battle of Panipat. It reached its zenith under Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb before gradual decline.