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Samas

About 5 min · General Hindi · English

Time worked out from the lesson's 247 words at 150 words a minute, plus a minute for each question.

Samas is one of the most important topics in General Hindi for MPESB exams. It refers to the process of combining two or more words to form a single compound word, thereby creating a concise expression.

Key ideas

• Samas Definition: The process where two or more words combine by dropping विभक्तियाँ (case markers) to form a single meaningful word is called Samas. Example: राजा का पुत्र → राजपुत्र।
• Samasik Pad (सामासिक पद): The compound word formed after Samas is called Samasik Pad or Samast Pad.
• Samas Vigrah (समास विग्रह): Breaking the compound word back into its original meaningful components with appropriate case markers.
• Purva Pad and Uttar Pad: In a Samas, the first component is called Purva Pad (पूर्व पद) and the second component is called Uttar Pad (उत्तर पद).
• Pradhanta (प्रधानता): Different Samas types give importance (प्रधानता) to different pads — this is the key to identification.

Quick reference

• तत्पुरुष = विग्रह में कारक चिह्न (का/की/के, को, से, के लिए, में, पर) → उत्तर पद प्रधान
• द्वन्द्व = विग्रह में "और/या/अथवा" → दोनों पद प्रधान
• बहुव्रीहि = विग्रह में "जिसका/जिसकी/जिसके/जो" → अन्य अर्थ प्रधान
• कर्मधारय = पूर्व पद विशेषण या उपमान → उत्तर पद प्रधान
• पहचान का सूत्र: पहले विग्रह करो, फिर प्रधानता देखो, अंत में समास तय करो

Check yourself: 3 questions

This lesson is cut from the topic's note, not rewritten. Fact-checked on 17 Oct 2026: an AI-assisted check of this note against cited sources; the errors it found were corrected that day. Some errors may remain. The questions are from Shishya's validated question bank.

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