Thermal equilibrium; zeroth, first and second law of thermodynamics; concept of work, heat, internal energy; reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot engine and its efficiency.
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Q1 · Thermodynamics · EASY
A gas absorbs 250 J of heat and expands against a constant external pressure, doing 100 J of work. What is the change in internal energy of the gas?
Q2 · Thermodynamics · EASY
An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion at 300 K. During this process, the gas absorbs 600 J of heat from the surroundings. What is the work done by the gas?
Q3 · Thermodynamics · MEDIUM
A Carnot engine operates between a hot reservoir at 500 K and a cold reservoir at 300 K. If the engine absorbs 1000 J of heat from the hot reservoir, how much work does it perform?
Q4 · Thermodynamics · MEDIUM
A system undergoes a cyclic process in which it returns to its initial state. During the cycle, it absorbs a total of 800 J of heat and releases 500 J of heat. What is the net work done by the system during the cycle?
Q5 · Thermodynamics · HARD
An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion from volume V to 2V. If the initial pressure is P and the gas is diatomic (γ = 7/5), what is the final pressure?