Geography of Haryana
About 6 min · Haryana — General Knowledge · English
Time worked out from the lesson's 413 words at 150 words a minute, plus a minute for each question.
Geography of Haryana is an HSSC CET topic with direct, factual content. The state, carved out of Punjab on 1 November 1966, occupies a landlocked position in northwest India, bordered by Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and surrounding Delhi on three sides. Its relatively flat terrain, seasonal rivers, and semi-arid to sub-humid climate shape its agriculture-driven economy.
Key ideas
- Location and Boundaries: Haryana lies between 27°39′ N to 30°55′ N latitude and 74°28′ E to 77°36′ E longitude. It shares borders with five states and two Union Territories (Delhi and Chandigarh).
- Administrative Divisions: 22 districts grouped into 6 divisions—Ambala, Karnal, Rohtak, Hisar, Gurugram, and Faridabad. Total area is approximately 44,212 km².
- Physiographic Regions: The state has three broad zones—Shivalik Hills in the north, Indo-Gangetic Plain (alluvial) in the centre, and Aravalli outliers plus sandy tracts in the south-southwest.
- Drainage Pattern: No perennial rivers originate within Haryana. Yamuna forms the eastern boundary; Ghaggar is the most important seasonal (ephemeral) river flowing through the state's interior.
- Climate Type: Haryana has a continental climate with hot summers (up to 48°C), cold winters (as low as 1°C), and monsoon rains (July–September). Average annual rainfall ranges from 300 mm (southwest) to 1100 mm (northeast).
Watch out for
- Confusing Ghaggar with Ganga system: Ghaggar is an inland drainage river; it does not join Ganga or Yamuna. It disappears in Rajasthan's desert. ✓ Remember: Ghaggar = "lost river."
- Assuming Haryana has hilly terrain everywhere: Only the extreme northeast (Morni Hills) is hilly; over 90% is plain. ✓ The Aravalli ridges in the south are low, rocky outcrops, not true mountains.
- Mixing up canals: Western Yamuna Canal takes water from Yamuna at Hathnikund Barrage (which replaced Tajewala); Bhakra Canal brings Sutlej water via Punjab. ✓ Distinguish by source river.
Quick reference
- Haryana: 22 districts, 6 divisions, area ≈ 44,212 km².
- Yamuna = perennial, eastern boundary; Ghaggar = seasonal, flows through interior.
- Highest point: Karoh Peak, Morni Hills (~1,467 m).
- Western Yamuna Canal originates at Hathnikund Barrage, Yamunanagar (it replaced the old Tajewala headworks).
- Climate: Continental; SW districts driest (~300 mm rain), NE wettest (~1100 mm).
Check yourself: 3 questions
1. Which river forms the eastern boundary of Haryana separating it from Uttar Pradesh?
2. The Ghaggar River, which flows through Haryana, is believed to be the remnant of which ancient river mentioned in Vedic texts?
3. The Aravalli Hills enter Haryana in which district, marking the only hilly terrain in the state apart from the Shivalik foothills?
This lesson is cut from the topic's note, not rewritten. Fact-checked on 18 Oct 2026: an AI-assisted check of this note against cited sources; the errors it found were corrected that day. Some errors may remain. The questions are from Shishya's validated question bank.
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