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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries: Exercise Solutions
AI-written, checked on 28 Oct 2026
Solutions written by Shishya, checked — not the board's official answers
Point-by-point answers for every question of End-of-chapter exercises in NCERT's Class 10 Social Science book, chapter “Manufacturing Industries”, written by Shishya. Each question is in our own short words; open the NCERT chapter for the exact wording and figures.
How these were checked: the answers were drafted with AI from the NCERT chapter's own text and then read and corrected on 28 Oct 2026. Before an answer was kept, a check confirmed that every name, place, year and number in it appears in the NCERT chapter and that no sentence was copied from the book; multiple-choice, match and fill-in answers are pinned to a reviewed key. Long answers are a model answer, not the only right one. The NCERT textbook is the authority — if something here disagrees with it, follow the book.
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Exercises Q1(i)
MCQ: which industry uses bauxite as a raw material? (a) aluminium smelting (b) cement (c) paper (d) steel
- Bauxite is the specific raw material used in the process of aluminium smelting.
- Cement uses limestone, silica and gypsum, while steel uses iron ore and coking coal.
- Paper and steel industries do not use bauxite as a primary input.
Answer: (a) aluminium smelting
Exercises Q1(ii)
MCQ: which industry makes telephones, computers and similar goods? (a) steel (b) electronic (c) aluminium smelting (d) information technology
- The electronics industry is defined as covering a wide range of products including telephones and computers.
- This sector specifically includes equipment required for the telecommunication industry.
- Other options like steel, aluminium smelting, and information technology do not directly manufacture these specific hardware goods.
Answer: (b) electronic
Exercises Q2(i)
In not more than 30 words: what is manufacturing?
- Manufacturing involves processing raw materials into finished goods.
- This process takes place in large quantities within industries.
Answer: Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities after processing raw materials into more valuable products.
Exercises Q2(ii)
In not more than 30 words: what are basic industries? Give an example.
- Basic industries are those that supply raw materials to other industries.
- They form the foundation for the production of other goods.
- An example is the iron and steel industry.
Answer: Basic industries supply raw materials to other industries, like iron and steel.
Exercises Q3(i)
In about 120 words: how do industries pollute the environment?
- Industries cause four kinds of pollution: of air, water, land and noise; thermal power plants are among the polluting industries.
- Air: factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants release gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, along with smoke and dust, which harm people, animals, plants and buildings; toxic gas leaks such as the Bhopal gas tragedy can be very dangerous.
- Water: paper, chemical, textile and dyeing units, refineries, tanneries and electroplating units let dyes, acids, salts and heavy metals such as lead and mercury into rivers.
- Thermal pollution: hot water from factories and thermal plants drained into rivers and ponds before it cools harms aquatic life.
- Land: dumped glass, chemicals, effluents, packaging and garbage make the soil useless, and rain carries the pollutants down into the ground water.
- Noise: machinery, generators, saws and drills cause irritation and stress and can damage hearing and raise heart rate and blood pressure.
Answer: Industries pollute the air with gases and smoke, rivers with chemical wastes and hot water, land and ground water with dumped wastes, and the surroundings with harmful noise.
Exercises Q3(ii)
In about 120 words: what steps should be taken to reduce environmental degradation by industry?
- Use less fresh water in processing by reusing and recycling water through two or more stages, and harvest rainwater to meet water needs.
- Treat hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds: first by mechanical means (screening, grinding, flocculation, sedimentation), then by biological processes, and finally by biological, chemical and physical processes that recycle the waste water.
- Regulate by law the overdrawing of ground water by industry where ground water is under threat.
- Cut particulate matter in the air by fitting factory smoke stacks with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators, and reduce smoke by using oil or gas instead of coal.
- Fit generators with silencers, redesign machinery to save energy and make less noise, use noise-absorbing material, and give workers earplugs.
- Follow examples like NTPC: use equipment efficiently, make use of ash to reduce waste, grow green belts, and monitor the environment around plants.
Answer: Reuse and treat water before release, control ground-water use, clean factory smoke with filters and cleaner fuels, cut noise, and adopt practices like NTPC's green belts and waste reduction.
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