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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Forest and Wildlife Resources: Exercise Solutions

Point-by-point answers for every question of End-of-chapter exercises in NCERT's Class 10 Social Science book, chapter “Forest and Wildlife Resources”, written by Shishya. Each question is in our own short words; open the NCERT chapter for the exact wording and figures.

1. Exercises Q1(i)

   MCQ: which conservation strategy does NOT directly involve community participation? (a) Joint Forest Management (b) Beej Bachao Andolan (c) Chipko Movement (d) demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries

   1. Joint Forest Management, Beej Bachao Andolan, and the Chipko Movement are all strategies that actively involve local communities in conservation efforts.
   2. The demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries is a government-led administrative action that does not directly require community participation in its execution.

   Answer: (d) wildlife sanctuaries

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2. Exercises Q2

   Match reserved forests, protected forests and unclassed forests with: other forests and wastelands owned by government, private individuals and communities; the forests most valuable for conserving forest and wildlife resources; forest lands protected from any further depletion.

   1. Reserved forests are considered the most valuable for conserving forest and wildlife resources.
   2. Protected forests are designated as forest lands that are shielded from any further depletion.
   3. Unclassed forests consist of other forests and wastelands owned by the government, private individuals, and communities.

   Answer: Reserved forests match with conservation value, protected forests with protection from depletion, and unclassed forests with government and private ownership.

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3. Exercises Q3(i)

   In about 30 words: what is biodiversity, and why is it important for human lives?

   1. Biodiversity is the immense richness of wildlife and species, diverse in form and function, integrated through interdependencies.
   2. It is important because plants, animals, and micro-organisms re-create air, water, and soil, which are essential for human survival.

   Answer: Biodiversity is the rich variety of species integrated in a system, vital for maintaining air, water, and soil needed for human existence.

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4. Exercises Q3(ii)

   In about 30 words: how have human activities reduced flora and fauna?

   1. Human activities like deforestation and mining have destroyed natural habitats.
   2. Pollution and over-exploitation of resources have harmed plant and animal species.
   3. Development projects often encroach upon forest lands, leading to loss of biodiversity.

   Answer: Human activities such as deforestation, mining, pollution, and development projects have destroyed habitats and over-exploited resources, causing significant depletion of flora and fauna.

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5. Exercises Q4(i)

   In about 120 words: how have communities conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?

   1. Local communities in India have long recognized the importance of forests for their livelihoods and have actively participated in conservation efforts.
   2. In the Sariska Tiger Reserve, villagers successfully opposed mining activities by invoking the Wildlife Protection Act to safeguard their habitat.
   3. The Chipko movement in the Himalayas demonstrated that community-led afforestation with indigenous species can effectively resist deforestation and restore forests.
   4. Many villagers now protect habitats independently, rejecting government involvement to ensure the long-term security of their natural resources.
   5. Joint Forest Management (JFM) programs involve local communities in managing and restoring degraded forests, combining traditional knowledge with modern ecological practices.
   6. Groups like Beej Bachao Andolan promote diversified crop production without synthetic chemicals, showing that ecological farming is both viable and beneficial for conservation.

   Answer: Communities in India conserve forests through movements like Chipko, legal resistance to mining in Sariska, independent habitat protection, and participation in Joint Forest Management programs that restore degraded areas using traditional and ecological methods.

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6. Exercises Q4(ii)

   In about 120 words: write a note on good practices for conserving forests and wildlife.

   1. Conservation strategies focus on biodiversity rather than just a few components, including insects and plants.
   2. Local communities in some areas struggle to conserve habitats alongside government officials to secure long-term livelihoods.
   3. The Chipko movement in the Himalayas successfully resisted deforestation and demonstrated the success of community afforestation with indigenous species.
   4. Villagers in Sariska Tiger Reserve fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act to protect their environment.
   5. Joint forest management programmes involve local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
   6. Ecological farming and movements like Beej Bachao Andolan promote diversified crop production without synthetic chemicals.
   7. Farmers and citizen groups show that adequate levels of diversified crop production are possible and economically viable.

   Answer: Good practices include focusing on biodiversity, involving communities in joint forest management, resisting deforestation through movements like Chipko, protecting habitats from mining, and promoting ecological farming without synthetic chemicals.

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