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NCERT Class 10 Science Metals and Non-metals: In-text questions (page 53) Solutions

AI-written, checked on 23 Oct 2026

Solutions written by Shishya, checked — not the board's official answers

Step-by-step working for every question of In-text questions (page 53) in NCERT's Class 10 Science book, chapter “Metals and Non-metals”, written by Shishya. Each question is in our own short words; open the NCERT chapter for the exact wording and figures.

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  1. In-text (page 53) Q1

    Define (i) mineral (ii) ore (iii) gangue.

    1. (i) A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic substance found in the Earth's crust.
    2. (i) Minerals are formed by geological processes over long periods of time.
    3. (ii) An ore is a specific type of mineral from which a metal can be extracted profitably.
    4. (ii) Not all minerals are ores, but every ore is a mineral.
    5. (iii) Gangue refers to the impurities or waste materials mixed with the ore.
    6. (iii) These impurities are removed during the concentration process of the ore.

    Answer: (i) A naturally occurring inorganic substance; (ii) A mineral from which a metal can be extracted profitably; (iii) The impurities mixed with the ore.

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  2. In-text (page 53) Q2

    Name two metals found free in nature.

    1. Most metals are reactive and exist in combined form as ores in nature.
    2. However, metals that are very unreactive do not form compounds easily.
    3. Gold is so unreactive that it is found in its free elemental state.
    4. Copper is also relatively unreactive and can be found free in nature.

    Answer: Gold and Copper

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  3. In-text (page 53) Q3

    What chemical process is used to obtain a metal from its oxide?

    1. Metals are generally obtained from their ores by a process called extraction.
    2. Most metal ores occur in the form of oxides, carbonates, or sulfides.
    3. To get the pure metal, the ore is first converted into its oxide form if it is not already an oxide.
    4. This conversion is done by heating the ore in air, a process called roasting.
    5. The metal oxide is then reduced to the free metal using a reducing agent.
      why?

      Oxidation is gain of oxygen (or loss of hydrogen); reduction is loss of oxygen (or gain of hydrogen). In a redox reaction one substance is oxidised while another is reduced.

    6. Common reducing agents include carbon, carbon monoxide, or hydrogen.
      why?

      Oxidation is gain of oxygen (or loss of hydrogen); reduction is loss of oxygen (or gain of hydrogen). In a redox reaction one substance is oxidised while another is reduced.

    7. In this process, the oxygen is removed from the metal oxide.
    8. This removal of oxygen is known as reduction.
      why?

      Oxidation is gain of oxygen (or loss of hydrogen); reduction is loss of oxygen (or gain of hydrogen). In a redox reaction one substance is oxidised while another is reduced.

    9. Therefore, the chemical process used to obtain a metal from its oxide is reduction.
      why?

      Oxidation is gain of oxygen (or loss of hydrogen); reduction is loss of oxygen (or gain of hydrogen). In a redox reaction one substance is oxidised while another is reduced.

    Answer: Reduction

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