Home · Schooling · CBSE · Class 10 · Science · Life Processes · In-text questions (page 96)

NCERT Class 10 Science Life Processes: In-text questions (page 96) Solutions

Step-by-step working for every question of In-text questions (page 96) in NCERT's Class 10 Science book, chapter “Life Processes”, written by Shishya. Each question is in our own short words; open the NCERT chapter for the exact wording and figures.

1. In-text (page 96) Q1

   What are the components of the human transport system, and what does each do?

   1. The human transport system is the circulatory system, which moves blood throughout the body.
   2. The heart acts as a muscular pump that pushes blood through the blood vessels.
   3. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body tissues.
   4. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues back to the heart.
   5. Capillaries are tiny vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and cells.
   6. Blood is the fluid medium that carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

   Answer: The components are the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood; the heart pumps blood, arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins return blood to the heart, capillaries allow exchange, and blood transports substances.

   Report an error in this solution

2. In-text (page 96) Q2

   Why must oxygenated and deoxygenated blood be kept separate in mammals and birds?

   1. Mammals and birds are endothermic, meaning they must maintain a constant high body temperature.
   2. Maintaining this temperature requires a high metabolic rate to generate sufficient heat.
   3. A high metabolic rate demands a continuous and efficient supply of oxygen to the cells.
   4. Mixing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood would lower the oxygen concentration in the blood.
   5. This reduced oxygen supply would be insufficient to meet the high energy demands of these animals.
      why?

      Oxidation is gain of oxygen (or loss of hydrogen); reduction is loss of oxygen (or gain of hydrogen). In a redox reaction one substance is oxidised while another is reduced.

   6. Therefore, complete separation ensures maximum oxygen delivery for their active lifestyle.

   Answer: To maintain a constant body temperature, mammals and birds need a high metabolic rate and efficient oxygen supply, which requires keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate to prevent dilution of oxygen.

   Report an error in this solution

3. In-text (page 96) Q3

   What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?

   1. The transport system in highly organised plants consists of two types of vascular tissues: xylem and phloem.
   2. Xylem is responsible for the unidirectional transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
   3. Phloem is responsible for the bidirectional transport of food (sugars) and other organic nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
   4. Together, these tissues form the vascular bundle which ensures the distribution of essential substances throughout the plant body.

   Answer: The components are xylem (for water and mineral transport) and phloem (for food transport).

   Report an error in this solution

4. In-text (page 96) Q4

   How are water and minerals transported in plants?

   1. Water and dissolved minerals are absorbed by root hairs from the soil.
   2. These substances enter the root cortex and move towards the xylem vessels.
   3. The xylem is a specialized tissue made of long, hollow, dead cells arranged end to end.
   4. Water moves up through the xylem due to transpiration pull created by evaporation from leaves.
   5. Cohesion and adhesion forces help keep the water column continuous in the xylem tubes.
   6. The xylem transports water and minerals from roots to stems and leaves.
   7. This upward movement is called the transpiration stream.
   8. The process relies on the physical properties of water and the structure of xylem.
   9. No energy is required for this passive transport mechanism.
   10. The xylem acts as a one-way conduit for water and mineral transport.

   Answer: Water and minerals are transported in plants through the xylem tissue via transpiration pull, moving from roots to leaves.

   Report an error in this solution

5. In-text (page 96) Q5

   How is food transported in plants?

   1. Food is transported in plants through the phloem tissue.
   2. The phloem consists of sieve tubes and companion cells.
   3. The food is synthesized in the leaves and needs to reach other parts of the plant.
   4. This movement of food from the source to the sink is called translocation.
   5. Translocation can occur in both directions, unlike water transport in xylem.
   6. The process requires energy in the form of ATP.
   7. The phloem sap contains sugars, amino acids, and other organic compounds.
   8. The transport is driven by pressure differences created by active loading and unloading of solutes.

   Answer: Food is transported in plants through the phloem tissue via a process called translocation, which moves organic nutrients from source to sink in both directions using energy.

   Report an error in this solution

← Life Processes: notes, practice and all exercises