JEE Advanced

General Topics

Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton's atomic theory; mole concept; chemical formulae; balanced equations; stoichiometric calculations; concentration in mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.

States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

Gas laws and ideal gas equation; deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; kinetic theory of gases; rms, average and most probable velocities; Dalton's law of partial pressures; diffusion; intermolecular interactions; liquids — vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.

Atomic Structure

Bohr model; spectrum of hydrogen atom; wave-particle duality; de Broglie hypothesis; uncertainty principle; quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom — energies, quantum numbers, probability density, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Aufbau principle; Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Orbital overlap and covalent bond; hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species (up to Ne2); hydrogen bond; polarity; dipole moment; VSEPR model and shapes of molecules.

Chemical Thermodynamics

Intensive and extensive properties; state functions; first law; internal energy, work (PV only) and heat; enthalpy; heat capacity; standard state; Hess's law; enthalpy of reaction, fusion, vaporization, lattice enthalpy; second law; entropy; Gibbs energy; criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity.

Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium

Law of mass action; significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium; Kp and Kc; reaction quotient; Le Chatelier's principle; solubility product; common ion effect; pH and buffer solutions; acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts); hydrolysis of salts.

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; standard electrode potentials; Nernst equation; electrochemical series; emf; Faraday's laws of electrolysis; electrolytic conductance — specific, equivalent and molar conductivity; Kohlrausch's law; primary and secondary batteries; fuel cells; corrosion.

Chemical Kinetics

Rates of reactions; order and molecularity; rate law, rate constant, half-life; differential and integrated rate expressions for zero and first order; Arrhenius equation, activation energy; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; enzyme catalysis.

Solid State

Classification of solids; crystalline state; seven crystal systems with cell parameters; close packed structures (cubic and hexagonal); packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; nearest neighbours; ionic radii and radius ratio; point defects.

Solutions

Henry's law; Raoult's law; ideal solutions; colligative properties — lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure; van't Hoff factor.

Surface Chemistry

Elementary concepts of adsorption — physisorption and chemisorption; Freundlich adsorption isotherm; colloids — types, methods of preparation and general properties; emulsions, surfactants and micelles (definitions and examples).

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modern periodic law and present form of periodic table; electronic configuration; periodic trends in atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, electronegativity, chemical reactivity.

Hydrogen

Position in periodic table; occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses; hydrides — ionic, covalent, interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; hydrogen peroxide — preparation, reactions, structure and uses; hydrogen as a fuel.

s-Block Elements

Alkali and alkaline earth metals — reactivity towards air, water, dihydrogen, halogens, acids; reducing nature; uses; general characteristics of oxides, hydroxides, halides, oxoacid salts; anomalous behaviour of Li and Be; preparation, properties and uses of compounds of sodium (Na2CO3, NaCl, NaOH, NaHCO3) and calcium (CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4).

p-Block Elements

Oxidation states and trends in chemical reactivity of groups 13-17; anomalous properties of B, C, N, O, F; group-wise study of preparation, properties and uses of important compounds.

d-Block Elements

Oxidation states and stability; standard electrode potentials; interstitial compounds; alloys; catalytic properties; applications; preparation, structure and reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese.

f-Block Elements

Lanthanoid and actinoid contractions; oxidation states; general characteristics.

Coordination Compounds

Werner's theory; nomenclature; cis-trans and ionisation isomerism; hybridisation and geometries (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral) of mononuclear complexes; bonding — VBT and CFT (octahedral and tetrahedral fields); magnetic properties (spin-only) and colour of 3d-series; ligands and spectrochemical series; stability; importance and applications; metal carbonyls.

Isolation of Metals

Metal ores and concentration; extraction of crude metal — thermodynamic principles (iron, copper, zinc) and electrochemical principles (aluminium); cyanide process for silver and gold; refining methods.

Principles of Qualitative Analysis

Cation analysis Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+); anion analysis — nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, sulphide.

Environmental Chemistry

Atmospheric pollution; water pollution; soil pollution; industrial waste; strategies to control environmental pollution; green chemistry.

Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Hybridisation of carbon; sigma and pi bonds; shapes of organic molecules; aromaticity; structural and geometrical isomerism; stereoisomerism (enantiomers, diastereomers, meso) up to two asymmetric centres (R/S and E/Z excluded); empirical and molecular formulae by combustion; IUPAC nomenclature (hydrocarbons, mono- and bi-functional derivatives); inductive, resonance and hyperconjugative effects; acidity and basicity of organic compounds; reactive intermediates — carbocations, carbanions, free radicals.

Alkanes

Homologous series; physical properties and effect of branching; conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections only); preparation from alkyl halides and aliphatic carboxylic acids; reactions — combustion, halogenation (allylic, benzylic) and oxidation.

Alkenes and Alkynes

Physical properties; preparation by elimination; acid-catalysed hydration (excl. stereochemistry); metal acetylides; reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; reduction; electrophilic addition with X2, HX, HOX; effect of peroxide; cyclic polymerisation of alkynes.

Benzene

Structure; electrophilic substitution reactions — halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; effect of directing groups in monosubstituted benzene.

Phenols

Physical properties; preparation; electrophilic substitution (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation); Reimer-Tiemann reaction; Kolbe reaction; esterification; etherification; aspirin synthesis; oxidation and reduction of phenol.

Alkyl Halides

Rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocations; Grignard reactions; nucleophilic substitution and stereochemical aspects.

Alcohols

Physical properties; reactions — esterification; dehydration (formation of alkenes and ethers); reactions with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/conc HCl, thionyl chloride; conversion to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.

Ethers

Preparation by Williamson's synthesis; C-O bond cleavage reactions.

Aldehydes and Ketones

Preparation from acid chlorides, nitriles, esters; benzaldehyde from toluene and benzene; reactions — oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction; nucleophilic addition with RMgX, NaHSO3, HCN, alcohol, amine.

Carboxylic Acids

Physical properties; preparation from nitriles, Grignard reagents, hydrolysis of esters and amides; preparation of benzoic acid from alkylbenzenes; reactions — reduction, halogenation; formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides.

Amines

Preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles and amides; reactions — Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis; reaction with nitrous acid; azo coupling reactions of diazonium salts; Sandmeyer and related reactions; carbylamine reaction; Hinsberg test; alkylation and acylation reactions.

Haloarenes

Reactions — Fittig and Wurtz-Fittig; nucleophilic aromatic substitution (excluding benzyne mechanism and cine substitution).

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates — classification; mono- and disaccharides (glucose and sucrose); oxidation, reduction; glycoside formation and hydrolysis (sucrose, maltose, lactose); anomers. Proteins — amino acids; peptide linkage; primary and secondary structure; fibrous and globular proteins. Nucleic acids — chemical composition and structure of DNA and RNA.

Polymers

Types of polymerisation (addition, condensation); homo- and copolymers; natural rubber; cellulose; nylon; Teflon; bakelite; PVC; biodegradable polymers; applications.

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Drug-target interaction; therapeutic action and examples (excluding structures) of antacids, antihistamines, tranquilizers, analgesics, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs; artificial sweeteners (names only); soaps and detergents and cleansing action.

Practical Organic Chemistry

Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); detection and identification of functional groups — hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro.

Sets, Relations and Functions

Sets, kinds of sets, algebra of sets, De-Morgan's laws; Cartesian product; relations, equivalence relations; functions, domain, codomain, range, invertible, even/odd, into/onto/one-to-one; special functions; sum, difference, product, composition.

Algebra

Algebra of complex numbers; conjugation, polar representation, modulus, argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity; fundamental theorem of algebra (statement); quadratic equations with real coefficients; arithmetic and geometric progressions; means; sums of n natural numbers, squares and cubes; logarithms; permutations and combinations; binomial theorem for positive integral index.

Matrices

Matrices as rectangular arrays; equality; addition; scalar multiplication; product; transpose; elementary row/column transformations; determinant of a square matrix of order up to three; adjoint; inverse; properties; diagonal, symmetric, skew-symmetric matrices; solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables.

Probability and Statistics

Random experiment; sample space; events (impossible, simple, compound); addition and multiplication rules; conditional probability; independence; total probability; Bayes' theorem; permutations and combinations in probability. Mean, median, mode; mean deviation, standard deviation, variance of grouped and ungrouped data; analysis of frequency distributions; random variables — mean and variance.

Trigonometry

Trigonometric functions, periodicity and graphs; addition and subtraction formulae; multiple and sub-multiple angles; general solution of trigonometric equations; inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only) and their elementary properties.

Analytical Geometry — Two Dimensions

Cartesian coordinates; distance between two points; section formulae; shift of origin; equations of straight lines; angle between lines; distance of a point from a line; bisectors of angles; concurrency; centroid, orthocentre, incentre, circumcentre of a triangle; circle in various forms; tangents, normals, chords; conic sections — parabola, ellipse, hyperbola in standard form; locus problems.

Analytical Geometry — Three Dimensions

Distance between two points; direction cosines and direction ratios; equation of a straight line in space; skew lines; shortest distance; equation of a plane; distance of a point from a plane; angle between two lines, two planes, line and plane; coplanar lines.

Differential Calculus

Limit of a function; continuity; limit and continuity of sum, difference, product, quotient; L'Hopital's rule; continuity of composite functions; intermediate value property; derivatives — sum, difference, product, quotient, chain rule; derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions; tangents and normals; increasing and decreasing functions; derivatives of order two; maxima and minima; Rolle's and Lagrange's mean value theorems; derivatives of implicit functions up to order two.

Integral Calculus

Integration as inverse of differentiation; indefinite integrals of standard functions; definite integrals as the limit of sums; properties of definite integrals; fundamental theorem of integral calculus; integration by parts, substitution, partial fractions; areas bounded by simple curves. Differential equations — formation, solution of homogeneous DEs of first order and first degree; separation of variables; linear first order DEs.

Vectors

Addition of vectors; scalar multiplication; dot and cross products; scalar and vector triple products; geometrical interpretations.