Bihar: State economy at a glance

According to the Bihar Economic Survey 2025-26, Bihar has shown consistent improvement in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and per capita income over the past two decades, along with sectoral diversification. The survey says the state's growth has often surpassed the national average, driven by public investment, infrastructure development and increased economic activity. Figures for 2024-25 below are quick estimates.

GSDP Growth and Estimates for 2024-25

• As per quick estimates for 2024-25, Bihar’s GSDP at constant (2011-12) prices increased by 8.6 percent, reaching ₹5,31,372 crore.
• At current prices, GSDP expanded by 13.1 percent, reaching ₹9,91,997 crore.
• Over the past three years, Bihar’s GSDP growth has consistently outpaced India’s GDP growth at both constant and current prices.
• In 2022-23, Bihar’s GSDP growth was 17.9 percent (current prices), compared to India’s 14.0 percent.
• In 2023-24, Bihar’s growth was 14.9 percent (current prices), compared to India’s 12.0 percent.
• For 2024-25, Bihar’s GSDP growth is estimated at 13.1 percent (current prices), exceeding India’s 9.8 percent.
• At constant prices for 2024-25, Bihar achieved 8.6 percent growth, exceeding India’s 6.5 percent.

Per Capita Income Trends

• The per capita GSDP for Bihar in 2024-25 is estimated at ₹76,490 at current prices and ₹40,973 at constant prices.
• These figures reflect growth rates of 11.5 percent and 7.1 percent, respectively, in 2024-25.
• Between 2020-21 and 2024-25, per capita GSDP at current prices increased from ₹46,412 to ₹76,490.
• At constant (2011-12) prices, per capita GSDP rose from ₹30,159 in 2020-21 to ₹40,973 in 2024-25.

Sectoral Composition and Growth

• Shares of Gross State Value Added (GSVA) in 2024-25 at constant (2011-12) prices: primary 18.3 percent, secondary 26.8 percent, tertiary 54.8 percent.
• The secondary sector grew by 11.1 percent at constant prices and 15.5 percent at current prices in 2024-25.
• The tertiary sector grew by 8.9 percent at constant prices and 13.5 percent at current prices in 2024-25.
• The primary sector recorded increases of 4.1 percent at constant prices and 9.6 percent at current prices in 2024-25.

Structural Transformation in Sectoral Shares

• Between 2020-21 and 2024-25, the secondary sector’s share of GSVA at constant prices increased from 21.1 percent to 26.8 percent.
• This increase was mainly due to growth in construction and manufacturing sectors.
• The primary sector’s share declined from 21.9 percent to 18.3 percent over the same period.
• The tertiary sector’s share decreased from 57.0 percent to 54.8 percent.
• These changes indicate increasing diversification in the state’s economic activities.

Investment and Fixed Capital Formation

• Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Bihar has nearly doubled over the past five years.
• It reached ₹34,905 crore in 2024-25.
• Its share in GSDP rose to 3.5 percent in 2024-25.

District-wise Per Capita Income

• Within Bihar, Patna district recorded the highest per capita Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP).
• Begusarai and Munger followed Patna in per capita GDDP rankings.
• Per capita GDDP at current prices: Patna ₹2,41,220, Begusarai ₹1,05,600 and Munger ₹93,921, as given in the Economic Survey 2025-26.