UP Police Constable · Bite-size lessons
Shabd Rachna (शब्द रचना)
About 6 min · General Hindi (सामान्य हिंदी) · English
Time worked out from the lesson's 325 words at 150 words a minute, plus a minute for each question.
Shabd Rachna deals with how Hindi words are formed and structured. Understanding word formation is crucial for UP Police Constable exam as it helps you recognize the building blocks of language — roots, prefixes, suffixes, and compound formations. Questions on this topic test your ability to break down words into meaningful components (dhatu, pratyay, upsarg), identify word origins (tatsam-tadbhav), and understand how new words are created through various morphological processes.
Key ideas
- Mool Shabd (मूल शब्द): The root or base word from which other words are derived. Example: "लिख" (likh) is the root for "लिखना", "लिखाई", "लेखक".
- Dhatu (धातु): The verbal root that carries the core action meaning. Most verbs and verb-derived nouns come from dhatus. Example: "गम्" (gam) → गमन, गति, आगमन.
- Prakriya (प्रक्रिया): The morphological process of word formation including adding prefixes (upsarg), suffixes (pratyay), and compounding (samas).
- Yaugik Shabd (यौगिक शब्द): Derived words whose meaning can be understood by analyzing their components. Example: "विद्यालय" = विद्या + आलय (place of learning).
- Roodh Shabd (रूढ़ शब्द): Words whose meaning cannot be derived from their parts; they're conventionally accepted. Example: "घर", "कल" — split into parts, they give no meaning. ("पंकज", literally "born in mud" but used only for "lotus", is Yog-Roodh.)
Quick reference
- Word formation formula: Upsarg + Mool Dhatu + Pratyay = Complete Word
- Three word types by derivability: Yaugik (derivable), Roodh (conventional), Yog-Roodh (specific conventional)
- Krit pratyay: Added to verb roots to form nouns/adjectives (पढ़ + आई = पढ़ाई)
- Taddhit pratyay: Added to nouns/adjectives to form new nouns/adjectives (बच्चा + पन = बचपन)
- Common upsargs: अ, प्र, परा, अप, अनु, उप, नि, वि, सु, दुर्
Check yourself: 3 questions
1. 'विद्यालय' शब्द में मूल धातु क्या है?
2. निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा शब्द 'कृ' धातु से नहीं बना है?
3. 'अप्रकाशित' शब्द की संरचना में कितने तत्व (उपसर्ग, मूल शब्द, प्रत्यय) हैं?
This lesson is cut from the topic's note, not rewritten. Fact-checked on 18 Oct 2026: an AI-assisted check of this note against cited sources; the errors it found were corrected that day. Some errors may remain. The questions are from Shishya's validated question bank.
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