UP Police Constable · Bite-size lessons
Kriya & Visheshan (क्रिया-विशेषण)
About 5 min · General Hindi (सामान्य हिंदी) · English
Time worked out from the lesson's 262 words at 150 words a minute, plus a minute for each question.
Kriya (क्रिया) and Visheshan (विशेषण) form the backbone of Hindi sentence construction and are critical for the General Hindi section of UP Police Constable exam. Kriya refers to verbs — words that express action, state, or occurrence. Visheshan (विशेषण) are adjectives that describe nouns, while Kriya-visheshan (क्रिया-विशेषण, a separate indeclinable word class) are adverbs that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Key ideas
- Kriya (क्रिया) is any word that shows action (गया, खाया), state (है, था), or occurrence (हुआ). Without kriya, a Hindi sentence is incomplete.
- Kriya ke bhed: Sakarmak kriya (सकर्मक — transitive, requires object: "मैंने खाना खाया") and Akarmak kriya (अकर्मक — intransitive, no object needed: "वह सोता है").
- Visheshan (विशेषण) qualifies or describes a noun (visheshya/विशेष्य). Example: "अच्छा लड़का" — 'अच्छा' is visheshan, 'लड़का' is visheshya.
- Four types of Visheshan: Gunvachak (qualitative: सुंदर, बुद्धिमान), Sankhyavachak (numerical: दो, कई), Parimāṇvachak (quantitative: थोड़ा, अधिक), Sārvanamik (pronominal: यह, वह, कोई).
- Kriya-visheshan (क्रिया-विशेषण) or adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer how, when, where, and to what extent. Example: "वह तेज़ दौड़ता है" — 'तेज़' modifies the verb 'दौड़ता'.
Quick reference
- Kriya = action/state word; no kriya = incomplete sentence
- Sakarmak kriya needs object; Akarmak doesn't — test with "क्या/किसको?"
- Visheshan describes noun; Kriya-visheshan modifies verb/adjective/adverb
- Four visheshan types: Gunvachak, Sankhyavachak, Parimāṇvachak, Sārvanamik
- Four kriya-visheshan types: Kāl (time), Sthān (place), Rīti (manner), Parimāṇ (degree)
Check yourself: 3 questions
1. वाक्य 'राम तेज़ दौड़ता है' में 'तेज़' शब्द क्या है?
2. निम्नलिखित में से कालवाचक क्रिया विशेषण कौन सा है?
3. 'लड़की सुंदर है' वाक्य में 'सुंदर' शब्द है:
This lesson is cut from the topic's note, not rewritten. Fact-checked on 18 Oct 2026: an AI-assisted check of this note against cited sources; the errors it found were corrected that day. Some errors may remain. The questions are from Shishya's validated question bank.
Read the full noteFlashcards for this topic
Saves this lesson and its 3 questions in this browser on this phone. No sign-in; nothing about you is saved or sent. A saved copy is not updated until you save it again. Parts that load from the server when you use them (the AI tutor, adaptive practice, sign-in) still need a connection.