Science and Technology

About 6 min · General Awareness and Current Affairs · English

Time worked out from the lesson's 418 words at 150 words a minute, plus a minute for each question.

Science and Technology questions in RRB Group D assess your awareness of recent scientific achievements, technological advancements, and India's progress in space and defense research. Unlike pure General Science (which tests conceptual understanding), this topic focuses on current developments — new missions, innovations, discoveries, and breakthroughs from the past 12–24 months.

Key ideas

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation): India's national space agency responsible for satellite launches, planetary missions, and space exploration. Track recent launch vehicle missions (PSLV, GSLV), satellite deployments (communication, navigation, earth observation), and interplanetary missions.
DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation): Develops defense technologies including missiles, radars, combat vehicles, and electronic warfare systems. Key recent developments include missile tests (Agni, Prithvi, BrahMos variants), indigenous aircraft systems, and anti-satellite weapons.
Gaganyaan Mission: India's first crewed orbital spaceflight mission planned by ISRO. Multiple unmanned test flights precede the final human mission. Key milestones include crew module testing and astronaut training.
Digital India Initiatives: Government programs promoting digital infrastructure — Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, e-NAM, BHIM, Startup India.
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar parks, wind energy projects, green hydrogen mission, electric vehicle policies.

Watch out for

Confusing ISRO missions with international ones → Always check the agency name. Chandrayaan and Gaganyaan are ISRO; Artemis is NASA.
Mixing up missile types and ranges → Agni series = ballistic missiles (long range); Prithvi = tactical; BrahMos = cruise missile. Each has distinct characteristics and strategic purposes.
Assuming all government apps are the same → BHIM, UPI, Aadhaar Pay, and DigiLocker serve different functions. Know what each platform specifically does (payment vs identity vs document storage).

Quick reference

Latest ISRO success: Chandrayaan-3 soft landing August 23, 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2, 2023.
Key launch vehicles: PSLV (workhorse), GSLV Mk-III/LVM3 (heavy-lift), Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV for small payloads).
DRDO recent milestones: Extended-range BrahMos, Agni-V tests; also, the Navy's indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant (built by Cochin Shipyard) was commissioned in 2022.
Digital India pillars: Aadhaar (identity), UPI (payments), DigiLocker (documents), e-NAM (agriculture marketing).
Key scientific awards: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (annual for Indian scientists under 45), Padma Shri/Bhushan for science contributions.

Check yourself: 3 questions

1. India's Gaganyaan mission is primarily aimed at achieving which milestone in space exploration?
2. Which Indian space mission successfully placed a lander and rover on the Moon's south polar region in 2023?
3. DRDO's 'Agni-P' missile is classified as which type of missile?

This lesson is cut from the topic's note, not rewritten. Fact-checked on 21 Oct 2026: an AI-assisted check of this note against cited sources; the errors it found were corrected that day. Some errors may remain. The questions are from Shishya's validated question bank.

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