Comprehension — quick quiz

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows: The concept of sustainable development emerged in the late 20th century as a response to growing environmental degradation and social inequality. It is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This requires balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. Critics argue that the term is often used as mere rhetoric by governments and corporations that continue unsustainable practices. They point to continued deforestation, rising carbon emissions, and increasing wealth disparities as evidence that sustainability remains more an aspiration than a reality. Proponents, however, cite examples of renewable energy adoption, circular economy initiatives, and community-led conservation projects as proof that sustainable development is achievable when there is genuine political will and public engagement. Which of the following best describes the author's approach in this passage?