Legal Aptitude and Legal Reasoning
IPC vs BNS Chapter Mapping — Remember "OSGH-PC" for major changes: Offences (1-10→1-23), Sexual offences (11→64-78), General exceptions (76-106→24-40), Hurt/Wrongful restraint (319-348→114-127), Property crimes (378-462→303-329), Conspiracy (120A→61).
Contract Essentials Mnemonic: "COAL FC" — Valid contract needs: Consideration, Offer & Acceptance, Agreement, Lawful object, Free Consent, Capacity to contract. All six must be present per Sections 10-30 of Indian Contract Act.
Void vs Voidable: "VVVV" — Void = Void ab initio (never valid); Voidable = Valid until Voided, Victim's choice, Vitiated consent. Void agreements under Section 26-30; voidable contracts under Section 19-19A.
Marital Law Grounds Mnemonic: "ACID CLAD" — Divorce grounds: Adultery, Cruelty, Insanity, Desertion (2 yrs), Conversion, Leprosy, AIDS/VD, Disease (incurable). Applies across Hindu Marriage Act S.13, Special Marriage Act S.27.
Fundamental Rights Articles: "12-35 FRs, 36-51 DPSPs" — FRs always start with "Right to" (14-32 core rights); DPSPs never justiciable. Article 21 is the "mega right" covering life, liberty, privacy, education (added via 86th amendment).
Consumer Rights "SCISSOR" — Six basic rights: Safety, Choice, Information, Seek redress, Service, Opportunity to be heard, Representation. Consumer Protection Act 2019 establishes three-tier redressal: District→State→National Commission.
Legal Maxims Quick Five — *Actus reus* = guilty act; *Mens rea* = guilty mind; *Caveat emptor* = buyer beware; *Res judicata* = matter judged (can't re-litigate); *Nemo judex* = no one can judge their own case.
IPR Types "PCTTG" — Five major types: Patents (20 yrs), Copyright (60 yrs post-death), Trademarks (10 yrs renewable), Trade secrets, Geographical Indications. Patents Act 1970; Copyright Act 1957; Trademarks Act 1999.
Logical and Analytical Reasoning
Blood Relations Gender Trick — Remember: +/- generation matters. Uncle's son = cousin (not nephew). Maternal = mother's side (nana/nani); Paternal = father's side (dada/dadi). Draw a quick family tree for complex problems.
Odd Days Formula — Ordinary year = 1 odd day; Leap year = 2 odd days. Century leap if divisible by 400. For day calculations: 1/1/1 AD = Monday. Odd days mod 7 gives weekday (0=Sun, 1=Mon...6=Sat).
Direction Net Displacement — Track movements as coordinates: North=+Y, South=-Y, East=+X, West=-X. Final displacement = √(X²+Y²). Clockwise turns: N→E→S→W→N. Anti-clockwise reverses this. 45° = diagonal (NE, SW, etc.).
Coding-Decoding Position Values — A=1, Z=26 (forward); A=26, Z=1 (reverse). For +3 cipher: A→D, Z→C (cycle back). Letter-to-number: remember middle letters M=13, N=14 as anchors.