Child Development and Pedagogy
Piaget's 4 Stages: SPFC — Sensorimotor (0-2 yr), Pre-operational (2-7 yr), Formal operational (11+ yr), Concrete operational (7-11 yr). Remember "Some People Find Confusion" for age sequence.
Freud's Psychosexual Stages: OAPLG — Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital. Mnemonic: "Only Angry People Like Games" for birth to adolescence sequence.
Kohlberg's Moral Levels: PCC — Pre-conventional (punishment-obedience), Conventional (social approval), Conventional becomes Post-conventional (universal ethics). Remember "Pre, Con, Con+".
Erikson's First 4 Stages: TIAS — Trust vs Mistrust (0-1), Initiative vs Guilt (3-6), Autonomy vs Shame (1-3), Skills/Industry vs Inferiority (6-12). Swap I-A for correct order.
Maslow's Hierarchy: PSSEA — Physiological, Safety, Social/Belonging, Esteem, Actualization. Bottom to top: "Please Show Some Extra Affection".
Language I — Marathi
9 Ras Types: SHBKVRAHB — Shringaar, Haasya, Bibhatsa, Karuna, Veer, Raudra, Adbhut, Haasya, Bhayanaka, Shanta. Group as love-laugh-disgust-pity-courage-anger-wonder-fear-peace.
Vachan Rule: Consonant+ā becomes ē — Masculine singular ending in ā (mulga) becomes ē in plural (mulge). Exception: words ending in ī/ū often add nch (muli→mulincha).
Ling Recognition: ā-ending masculine, ī-ending feminine — Most Marathi nouns ending in ā are masculine (ghoda), ī are feminine (ghodi). Body parts often opposite pattern (kaan-masculine, naak-feminine).
Language II — English
FANBOYS Coordinating Conjunctions — For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. These join independent clauses with comma. Remember "FANBOYS make compound sentences".
Comparison: ER-EST vs MORE-MOST — One-syllable: add -er/-est (tall→taller). Two+ syllables: use more/most (beautiful→more beautiful). Exception: two-syllable ending in -y (happy→happier).
Tense Signal Words: Always→Present, Yesterday→Past, Tomorrow→Future — Present: always, daily, usually. Past: yesterday, last, ago. Future: tomorrow, next, will. Perfect: already, just, yet, since, for.