BCECE

Thermodynamics

First and second laws, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, Hess's law, spontaneity criteria.

Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium, Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, acids and bases, pH, buffer solutions, solubility product.

Redox Reactions

Oxidation states, balancing redox reactions, redox titrations, electron-transfer concept of oxidation and reduction.

Hydrogen

Position in periodic table, isotopes, preparation and properties of hydrogen and water, hydrogen peroxide, heavy water.

s-Block Elements

Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) — properties, anomalous behaviour, important compounds.

p-Block Elements (Group 13-14)

Boron and carbon family — properties, anomalous behaviour, important compounds.

Organic Chemistry — Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Tetravalence of carbon, isomerism, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, electronic effects, reactive intermediates.

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons — preparation, properties and reactions; aromaticity.

Environmental Chemistry

Air, water and soil pollution; greenhouse effect; ozone depletion; green chemistry approaches.

Solid State

Classification of solids, unit cells, packing efficiency, density of cubic crystals, defects, electrical and magnetic properties.

Solutions

Concentration units, vapour pressure, Raoult's law, colligative properties, abnormal molar mass, van't Hoff factor.

Electrochemistry

Conductance in electrolytic solutions, electrochemical cells, EMF, Nernst equation, batteries, fuel cells, corrosion.

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction, order, molecularity, integrated rate equations, half-life, Arrhenius equation, collision theory.

Surface Chemistry

Adsorption, catalysis, colloids, emulsions, micelles, properties of colloids.

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Occurrence and principles of extraction of metals, refining methods, metallurgy of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

p-Block Elements (Group 15-18)

Nitrogen, oxygen, halogen and noble gas families — properties, anomalous behaviour, important compounds.

d- and f-Block Elements

Transition and inner-transition elements, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction, important compounds.

Coordination Compounds

Werner's theory, IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, valence bond and crystal field theories, importance in biology and industry.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature, preparation, physical and chemical properties, SN1/SN2 mechanisms, polyhalogen compounds.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Preparation and properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers; commercially important alcohols.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Preparation, nucleophilic addition reactions, oxidation and reduction, acidity of carboxylic acids and reactions.

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines, diazonium salts, cyanides and isocyanides — preparation, properties and applications.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids — structure and biological function.

Polymers

Classification, methods of polymerisation, important natural and synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymers.

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Drugs and medicines, food chemistry, cleansing agents — soaps and detergents.

Statistics and Probability (I)

Measures of dispersion, variance and standard deviation; classical and axiomatic probability, conditional probability.

Relations and Functions (II)

Types of relations, equivalence relations, types of functions, composition, invertibility, binary operations, inverse trigonometric functions.

Algebra (II)

Matrices and determinants — types, operations, transpose, determinants up to order 3, adjoint and inverse, solution of linear equations.

Calculus (II)

Continuity and differentiability, applications of derivatives, indefinite and definite integrals, area under curves, differential equations.

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry (II)

Vectors, scalar and vector products, scalar triple product; direction cosines, equations of lines and planes in space.

Linear Programming

Linear programming problems, mathematical formulation, graphical solution method, feasible and optimal solutions.

Probability (II)

Conditional probability, multiplication theorem, independent events, Bayes' theorem, random variables and Bernoulli trials.

Mathematical Reasoning

Mathematically acceptable statements, connectives, validating statements, contradiction and contrapositive.

Reproduction

Reproduction in organisms, sexual reproduction in flowering plants, human reproduction, reproductive health.

Genetics and Evolution

Mendelian genetics, chromosomal theory, molecular basis of inheritance, evolution — origin of life and theories.

Biology and Human Welfare

Human health and disease, microbes in human welfare, strategies for enhancement in food production.

Biotechnology and Its Applications

Principles and processes of biotechnology, applications in health and agriculture, genetically modified organisms.

Ecology and Environment

Organisms and populations, ecosystems, biodiversity and conservation, environmental issues.