Biotechnology — Principles & Processes

Recombinant DNA technology, tools, restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR, gene cloning.

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Q1 · Biotechnology — Principles & Processes · EASY
In recombinant DNA technology, which of the following enzymes is used to join DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides?
Q2 · Biotechnology — Principles & Processes · MEDIUM
A restriction enzyme recognizes the palindromic sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' and cuts between G and A on both strands. What type of ends will be produced after the enzyme cuts the DNA?
Q3 · Biotechnology — Principles & Processes · MEDIUM
In the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the three main temperature-dependent steps are repeated in cycles. If the annealing temperature is set at 55 degrees Celsius, the denaturation at 94 degrees Celsius, and extension at 72 degrees Celsius, what is the correct order of these steps in one PCR cycle?
Q4 · Biotechnology — Principles & Processes · HARD
A researcher wants to clone a human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid vector. The gene has EcoRI sites at both ends, and the plasmid has a single EcoRI site within the tetracycline resistance gene (tet^R) and an intact ampicillin resistance gene (amp^R). After transformation into bacteria, which of the following selection strategies will identify colonies containing recombinant plasmids (with the insert)?
Q5 · Biotechnology — Principles & Processes · HARD
During the PCR process, the temperature is raised to 94°C in the first step. What is the purpose of this step?