Ling, Vachan, Karak (लिंग, वचन, कारक) — Study Notes
Overview
Ling (gender), Vachan (number) and Karak (case) form the grammatical backbone of Hindi sentence construction. These three concepts are heavily tested in UP Police Constable exams through error correction, sentence completion, and direct identification questions. Mastery over these topics ensures that you can quickly spot gender-number disagreements, identify case markers (विभक्ति चिह्न), and understand how nouns, pronouns, and verbs interact in Hindi sentences.
Expect 4–6 direct questions from this topic area in the General Hindi section. Questions may ask you to identify the correct gender of a noun, convert singular to plural, recognize the karak in a sentence, or correct grammatical errors involving ling-vachan agreement. Since these rules have numerous exceptions and regional variations, focus on the standard forms prescribed by textbooks and avoid colloquial usage.
A strong grasp of ling, vachan and karak also improves your performance in related areas like sandhi, samas, and vakya shuddhi, as grammatical accuracy depends on proper gender-number-case alignment throughout the sentence.