Indian Democracy
Overview
Indian Democracy is a cornerstone topic for Assam TET Paper II Social Studies, testing your understanding of how India's democratic institutions function. India is the world's largest democracy, and questions typically focus on the structure and functions of Parliament, the executive branch, the judiciary, and the electoral system.
This topic connects directly with the Indian Constitution section and forms the practical application of constitutional provisions. Expect questions on the composition of Parliament, powers of the President and Prime Minister, the hierarchy of courts, and the role of the Election Commission. Mastering this topic requires clarity on institutional roles, key articles, and the interplay between the three organs of government.
For Assam TET, pay special attention to how democratic principles operate at both central and state levels, as questions may draw parallels with Assam's governance structure.
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Key Concepts
- **Parliamentary Democracy**: India follows a parliamentary system where the executive is responsible to the legislature. The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers must enjoy the confidence of Lok Sabha.
- **Separation of Powers**: The Constitution divides power among three organs—Legislature (makes laws), Executive (implements laws), and Judiciary (interprets laws)—with checks and balances.
- **Bicameral Legislature**: Parliament consists of two houses—Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States)—ensuring representation of both population and states.
- **Federal Structure with Unitary Features**: India has a quasi-federal system with a strong centre; states have their own legislatures but central law prevails in case of conflict.
- **Independent Judiciary**: The Supreme Court and High Courts function independently, with the power of judicial review to strike down unconstitutional laws.
- **Universal Adult Franchise**: Every citizen aged 18 and above has the right to vote regardless of caste, religion, gender, or economic status (Article 326).